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 Digital Archive Japan / DAJ, Humphry Davy, English chemist in 1803, (c1870). At this time Davy (1778-1829) was lecturer at the Royal Institution, London. From 1797 to 1801 he was assistant to Thomas Beddoes (1760-1808) at the Medical Pneumatic Institution where he experimented with nitrous oxide (Laughing Gas). Using electrolysis, Davy isolated the metals barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and strontium, as well as proving that chlorine was a chemical element. He is probably best known for his invention in 1815 of the miners safety lamp, which enabled deeper, more gaseous seams to be mined without risk of explosion. After a portrait by Henry Howard (1769-1847) from The Worlds Great Men. (London, c1870).
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 Digital Archive Japan / DAJ, Crystallization of saltpetre (nitre, potassium nitrate, or KN03), 1683. Saltpetre is the principal ingredient in gunpowder, and is still used in the preservation of some foods. In medicine it was used internally as a diuretic, but now is only used externally for a number of conditions, such as asthma. From a 1683 English edition of Beschreibung allerfurnemisten mineralischen Ertzt by Lazarus Ercker. (Prague, 1574).
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 Digital Archive Japan / DAJ, Casellis pantelegraph of 1865, (c1870). Invented by the Italian Giovanni Caselli (1815-1891), this precursor of the Fax machine was used on some French railway lines from 1865-1870. At the sending station the dispatch was written or drawn on a sheet of metallized paper in thick insulating ink and placed on a curved plate. At the receiving station a sheet of paper impregnated with potassium ferrocyanide was placed on a plate and a stylus produced an image on the impregnated paper. From Les Merveilles de la Science (The Wonders of Science) by Louis Figuier. (Paris, c1870).
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